Introduction Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint disorders worldwide and a leading cause of pain and disability among adults. This condition occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones within the knee joint gradually wears away over time. As the cartilage deteriorates, the bones begin to rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility. Millions of people suffer from knee osteoarthritis, and its prevalence continues to rise due to aging populations, increasing obesity rates, and sedentary lifestyles. Although osteoarthritis is commonly associated with older adults, younger individuals may also develop the condition as a result of injuries, genetic factors, or excessive stress on the joint. This comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about knee osteoarthritis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, prevention strategies, and the latest medical advancements. What is ...
The evaluation of topical administration of Bellis perennis fraction on circular excision wound healing in Wistar albino rats
The evaluation of topical administration of Bellis perennis fraction on circular excision wound healing in Wistar albino rats Materials and methods: Dried B. perennis flowers were extracted with ethanol, then fractioned with n -butanol and an oinment was prepared. Twelve male adult Wistar rats were used. Six wounds were created for each animal by using circular excision wound model. The first two wounds were treated topically with HOTBp (hydrophilic ointment treatment containing n -butanol fraction). The second two wounds were control group and not treated with anything. The third two wounds were treated only with HOT (hydrophilic ointment treatment without n -butanol fraction). Treatments were applied once a day and lasted for 30 days. Wound samples were excised on days 5 th , 10 th and 30 th . The percentage of wound healing was calculated by Walker’s formula after measurement of the wound area and the tissue samples were examined ...